Importance of contraceptive access and its impact on public health

The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that 214 million women globally do not have access to the contraception they need, emphasising the significant access gap and the urgent need to address this issue.

Access to effective contraception is vital in promoting public health by preventing unwanted pregnancies, reducing the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and giving power to individuals to make informed choices about their reproductive health. In the United Kingdom (UK), efforts have been made to break down barriers and expand contraceptive access. One significant development is the introduction of over-the-counter (OTC) contraceptives in pharmacies, allowing individuals to conveniently obtain contraceptives without needing a doctor’s prescription.

For example, progestogen-only contraceptive pills were formerly only available with a prescription, restricting their availability. But the availability of new over-the-counter progestogen-only oral contraceptives, such as Lovima and Hana (which contain 75 micrograms of Desogestrel), represents a significant improvement. With these new alternatives, people can now get progestogen-only contraception from the pharmacy without a prescription or a trip to the GP practice.

The role of pharmacists in expanding access to contraceptives

Pharmacists have emerged as vital players in improving access to contraceptives and ensuring the provision of high-quality reproductive healthcare services. With their accessibility, expertise, and patient-centred approach, pharmacists are uniquely positioned to contribute to improving contraceptive access and addressing the unmet needs of individuals.

Their duties go beyond merely dispensing medications. They are experts in offering excellent counselling, knowledge, and assistance to persons seeking contraception.

The availability of new contraceptives, such as Lovima and Hana (75 micrograms of Desogestrel), further empowers pharmacists to play a crucial role in promoting reproductive health and providing personalised contraceptive care.

The Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS) in the United Kingdom recognises pharmacists’ critical role in improving sexual health. It offers guidance to support their involvement in contraceptive care. Pharmacists have the knowledge and skills to assess an individual’s eligibility for various contraceptive methods, including the new over-the-counter progestogen-only options, offer counselling on their appropriate use, and ensure that individuals are well-informed about potential side effects and risks.

The evolution of pharmacy-based contraceptive services in the UK

Despite advances in contraceptive access, various obstacles prevent individuals from receiving essential contraceptives. These barriers include the need for doctor’s appointments, prescription requirements, limited clinic hours, and geographical constraints. These challenges often result in delays, inconvenience, and restricted choices for individuals seeking contraceptives.

The UK has witnessed significant advancements in pharmacy-based contraceptive services to address these barriers. Pharmacies now offer a range of contraceptive options, including oral

contraceptives, condoms, emergency contraception, and new contraceptives, such as Lovima and Hana (containing 75 micrograms of Desogestrel). Expanding these services aims to improve accessibility, convenience, and choice for individuals seeking contraceptives.

The Benefits of OTC Contraceptive Accessibility in Pharmacies

• Increased Accessibility: Obtaining contraceptives in the UK has traditionally been difficult due to obstacles such as booking doctor’s appointments and obtaining prescriptions. However, these hurdles have been dramatically reduced with the introduction of over-the-counter contraceptives. Individuals can now obtain contraception without a prescription by visiting their local pharmacy. This improved accessibility empowers women to take charge of their reproductive health while eliminating unnecessary delays and inconveniences.
• Convenience and Timely Access: Pharmacies are well-known for their extended operation hours, including evenings and weekends. This increased accessibility guarantees that people have access to contraception whenever they want. Furthermore, pharmacies are conveniently positioned in local areas, making it easier for people to get the necessary contraception quickly. The combination of extended hours and easily accessible locations promotes access and encourages consistent and responsible use of contraceptives.
• Empowerment and Informed Decision-Making: Pharmacists provide information and guidance on contraceptive options. With OTC contraceptives, individuals have the opportunity to actively participate in managing their reproductive health. They can converse with pharmacists, who can offer advice on different contraceptive methods, their benefits, and potential side effects. This informed decision-making process empowers individuals to choose contraceptives that suit their needs, preferences, and lifestyle.
• Confidentiality and Non-judgmental Care: Pharmacies provide a safe and non-judgmental environment for anyone looking for contraception. There are confidentiality protocols in place to protect patient privacy and ensure that discussions about reproductive health are kept private. Pharmacies focus on empathetic treatment and foster an environment where people freely share their needs and concerns. This commitment to confidentiality and non-judgmental care promotes trust and encourages individuals to seek the contraceptive support they require.
• Addressing Health Inequalities: Having contraception available in pharmacies has the potential to alleviate health disparities. The simplicity of buying contraceptives directly from pharmacies can benefit marginalised people who may experience additional challenges in receiving reproductive healthcare. Pharmacies are often present in underserved communities, making them accessible to individuals who may face challenges reaching other healthcare facilities. By expanding access to contraceptives, pharmacies reduce health disparities and improve overall health outcomes.
• Collaborative care: Pharmacists work with other healthcare providers, such as general practitioners and sexual health clinics, to provide those seeking contraception with comprehensive treatment. Effective communication and information exchange between healthcare providers facilitate coordinated care and a seamless referral process when necessary. This collaborative approach ensures individuals receive the most appropriate contraceptive care based on their unique circumstances.
• Counselling and Education: Pharmacists play a vital role in providing contraceptive counselling and education. With their extensive knowledge of contraceptives, pharmacists can offer personalised counselling sessions, address concerns, and provide tailored information. These interactions allow individuals to make informed decisions about their reproductive health and dispel common misconceptions. By offering comprehensive counselling and education, pharmacists contribute to better contraceptive choices and overall reproductive well-being.

Conclusion

Accessible contraceptives in UK pharmacies have revolutionised how individuals access and manage their reproductive health. The convenience, empowerment, and non-judgmental care provided by pharmacies contribute to improved health outcomes and address health inequalities. While these contraceptives may be more accessible and convenient, the financial burden can be a disadvantage for individuals with limited financial resources who may struggle to afford them consistently.

Pharmacists’ role in counselling, education, and collaborative care ensures that individuals can make informed decisions about contraception. As we continue to invest in accessible contraceptive services and prioritise the well-being of individuals, we pave the way for a future where reproductive healthcare is readily available and inclusive for all.